How long is the term of a U.S. Senator?

A U.S. Senator serves a term of six years, which is established by Article I, Section 3 of the United States Constitution. This provision was designed to provide stability and continuity in the Senate, allowing Senators to focus on long-term issues and legislative agendas without the constant pressure of short-term re-election campaigns. Each Senator's term begins at noon on January 3 of the year following their election, aligning with the start of the new congressional session.

The longer term relative to other elected offices, such as members of the House of Representatives who serve two-year terms, reflects the Framers' intent to create a deliberative body that could think beyond immediate political pressures and contribute to thoughtful governance. Additionally, the staggered election cycle—where roughly one-third of the Senate is up for election every two years—ensures that the Senate remains connected to the electorate while still retaining experienced members over longer periods.