What are "interstate commerce" powers?

Interstate commerce powers refer specifically to the authority granted to Congress to regulate trade and commerce that occurs between states. This power is outlined in the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which states that Congress has the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes." This clause plays a crucial role in maintaining a national market and preventing individual states from enacting conflicting legislation that could impede trade across state lines.

The understanding of these powers is essential because they allow for a uniform regulatory framework that can facilitate free trade and economic interactions between states. This power has been interpreted broadly over time, allowing Congress to implement various regulations not just directly related to trade but also those that might have an indirect impact on economic activities across state borders.

The other options do not correctly represent the concept of interstate commerce powers. For instance, the regulation of trade within states pertains to intrastate commerce and is primarily managed by state governments. Powers related to international treaties involve an entirely different jurisdiction and are typically reserved for the federal government, specifically the President and Senate. Similarly, certain powers held by individual states do not encompass the overarching regulatory powers given to Congress concerning interstate commerce.