What rights are established by the 1st Amendment?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution establishes several fundamental rights that are essential to a democratic society. These rights include freedom of religion, which protects individuals' rights to practice their faith without government interference; freedom of speech, allowing individuals to express their ideas and opinions; freedom of the press, which ensures that the media can report freely without censorship; freedom of assembly, granting people the right to gather peacefully for protests or meetings; and the right to petition the government, which allows citizens to appeal to governmental authorities to address grievances.

This array of freedoms is designed to promote a vibrant public discourse and safeguard individual autonomy against government overreach. Each of these rights is seen as crucial for democracy, fostering an environment where diverse voices can contribute to the societal dialogue and hold the government accountable.

The other responses refer to rights protected by different amendments or legal principles. The right to bear arms is established by the Second Amendment, the right to a fair trial is part of the Sixth Amendment, and protections against unreasonable searches and seizures are provided by the Fourth Amendment. Hence, the option that correctly identifies the rights clearly established by the First Amendment is the one that details the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.