Which amendment ensures freedom of the press?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is the cornerstone of free expression in American law, particularly in relation to freedom of the press. Ratified in 1791, this amendment explicitly states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press." This provision protects the right of journalists and media organizations to publish information and opinions without government interference or censorship.

The inclusion of the press alongside freedom of speech highlights the belief that a free and independent press is vital to democracy, ensuring that citizens are informed, government actions are scrutinized, and a marketplace of ideas can thrive. This protection is fundamental not only to journalistic practices but also to public discourse and civic engagement.

The other amendments mentioned do not specifically address the issue of press freedom or the protection of speech in the same way. The Second Amendment pertains to the right to bear arms, the Fifth Amendment covers rights related to legal proceedings and due process, and the Ninth Amendment addresses rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution. Therefore, the First Amendment is unequivocally the amendment that guarantees freedom of the press.