Which case is known for establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine?

The case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine is Plessy v. Ferguson. In this landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities, presuming that separate facilities for black and white people were permissible as long as they were equal. This ruling provided a legal rationale for segregation and discrimination, leading to the establishment of entrenched systems of inequality that persisted for decades.

Plessy v. Ferguson became a cornerstone for upholding segregation, impacting various aspects of American life and jurisprudence until it was ultimately overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal. The significance of the "separate but equal" doctrine lies in its profound influence on civil rights legislation and the struggle against racial discrimination in the United States.